Congestion cost U.S. drivers nearly $300 Billion in 2016, an average of $1,400 per driver
- INRIX Global Traffic Scorecard analyzes and ranks the impact of traffic congestion in 1,064 cities across 38 countries worldwide – the largest ever study of its kind
- Los Angeles tops the list of the world’s most gridlocked cities, with drivers spending 104 hours in congestion in 2016 during peak time periods, followed by Moscow (91 hours), New York (89 hours), San Francisco (83 hours) and Bogota (80 hours)
- The U.S. accounted for 11 of the top 25 cities worldwide with the worst traffic congestion
- The Cross Bronx Expressway in New York tops the list of worst corridors, with the average driver wasting 86 hours per year
Kirkland, WA – February 20, 2017 – INRIX, Inc., the world leader in transportation analytics and connected car services, today published its all-new Global Traffic Scorecard. Based on a new methodology, INRIX analyzed 1,064 cities – 240 in the U.S. – across 38 countries, making it the largest ever study of traffic congestion. Based on the findings, the U.S. ranked as the first most congested developed country in the world, with drivers spending an average of 42 hours a year in traffic during peak hours. For the first time, the INRIX Traffic Scorecard also includes the direct and indirect costs of congestion to all U.S. drivers, which amounted to nearly $300 billion in 2016, an average of $1,400 per driver1.
U.S. cities dominated the top 10 most congested cities globally, with Los Angeles (first), New York (third), San Francisco (fourth), Atlanta (eighth) and Miami (10th) each dealing with an economic drain on the city upwards of $2.5 billion caused by traffic congestion. Los Angeles commuters spent an average of 104 hours last year in traffic jams during peak congestion hours – more than any other city in the world. This contributed to congestion costing drivers in Los Angeles $2,408 each and the city as a whole $9.6 billion from direct and indirect costs. Direct costs relate to the value of fuel and time wasted, and indirect costs refer to freight and business fees from company vehicles idling in traffic, which are passed on to households through higher prices.
Interestingly, both New York and San Francisco, the second- and third-ranked cities in North America (89 and 83 peak hours spent in congestion respectively), have a similar average congestion rate (13 percent) as Los Angeles, but show strikingly different traffic patterns during various parts of the day. For example, New York City has the highest daytime congestion on arterials and city streets, while San Francisco holds the top spot at peak times.
Phoenix and Detroit tie for the lowest cost of congestion among the top 25 U.S. cities, at $1,062 per driver, and rank among the bottom in all three categories of costs: commuting, business and leisure/other. Despite the high costs of congestion in New York and other cities, American drivers, in general, have it easier than their German counterparts. At $1,938, congestion costs the average German driver 38 percent more than an American, after adjusting for exchange rates and the cost of living.
“A stable U.S. economy, continued urbanization of major cities, and factors such as employment growth and low gas prices have all contributed to increased traffic in 2016. Congestion also costs our country hundreds of billions of dollars, threatens future economic growth and lowers our quality of life. Traffic truly is a double-edged sword,” said Bob Pishue, senior economist at INRIX. “The demand for driving is expected to continue to rise, while the supply of roadway will remain flat. Using big data and technology to improve operations of existing roadways offers a more immediate impact on traffic flows and mobility while transportation officials explore strategic capital investments.”
Table 1: 10 Most Congested Urban Areas in the U.S.
Rank | City / Large Urban Area | 2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion | Percentage of Total Drive Time in Congestion(peak and non-peak hours) | Total Cost Per Driver in 2016 | Total Cost to the City in 2016 (based on city population size) |
1 | Los Angeles, CA | 104 | 12.7% | $ 2,408 | $9.7bn |
2 | New York, NY | 89 | 12.8% | $ 2,533 | $16.9bn |
3 | San Francisco, CA | 83 | 12.8% | $ 1,996 | $2.5bn |
4 | Atlanta, GA | 71 | 10.0% | $ 1,861 | $3.1bn |
5 | Miami, FL | 65 | 8.7% | $ 1,762 | $3.6bn |
6 | Washington, DC | 61 | 11.3% | $ 1,694 | $3.0bn |
7 | Dallas, TX | 59 | 6.6% | $ 1,509 | $2.9bn |
8 | Boston, MA | 58 | 13.4% | $ 1,759 | $2.9bn |
9 | Chicago, IL | 57 | 10.2% | $ 1,643 | $5.2bn |
10 | Seattle, WA | 55 | 12.6% | $ 1,590 | $2.0bn |
INRIX 2016 Traffic Scorecard Provides In-Depth City Congestion Analysis
New to the 2016 Traffic Scorecard is the ability to study congestion at different times of the day and across different parts of the road network, such as analyzing traffic in downtown areas compared to vehicles coming in and out of a city, inside and outside of peak hours, and at weekends. U.S. insights include:
Overall (Peak & Non-Peak) Congestion Insights
- While drivers in Los Angeles spent the most peak hours in traffic, Boston drivers spent the highest percentage of their peak travel in congestion – with an average peak congestion rate of 23 percent.
- Stamford, CT has the highest overall congestion rate in the U.S. at 14 percent, but is closely followed by Boston (13 percent), New York City (13 percent), San Francisco (13 percent), Los Angeles (13 percent) and Seattle (13 percent).
Downtown Metro Insights
- New Yorkers have it tough on arterials and city streets throughout the day, with an average of 16 percent of travel time on weekdays congested.
- Commuters within San Francisco have the highest U.S. congestion rate on arterial and city streets during the peak commute hours (23 percent).
In and Out of City Insights
- Drivers move more quickly in the South. The top five fastest non-congested speeds during the peak period on highways were all in the South. Greensboro, NC took the top spot at 70 mph.
- Commuters getting into Austin spent more time stuck in traffic than anyone else, with a congestion rate of 28 percent on highways in and out of the city.
Business Impact
- Freight delivery and business-related travel are slowest within Chicago and Boston. Average congested speeds during the daytime within the two cities are just 4.9 mph.
- Boston, San Francisco, Seattle and Los Angeles round out the top five most congested major cities for businesses, with 13-14 percent of travel congested during the daytime on arterials and city streets.
Weekend Insights
- With 12 percent of the drive time congested, New York City and San Francisco have the highest weekend congestion rates out of the major cities studied.
- Drivers cruise at their slowest in Las Vegas, NV, where weekend congestion speeds are just 5.6 mph.
The Most Congested Corridors in the U.S.
INRIX also identified the most congested corridors in the U.S., as well as the busiest peak periods. New York’s Cross Bronx Expressway tops the INRIX list of worst corridors, with the average driver on the 4.7-mile stretch wasting 86 hours (over 3.5 days) per year in congestion. Three other New York corridors make the top 10. Surprisingly, Los Angeles, with the top spot in peak hours sitting in congestion, only holds one spot on the list of worst corridors – I-10 Eastbound between I-405 and I-110. San Francisco, the third highest ranking city in the U.S. for peak time spent in congestion, doesn’t appear on the U.S. corridors list until the 31st spot.
Table 2: 10 Most Congested U.S. Roads in 2016
Rank | City / Large Urban Area | Road | From | To | Worst Peak Period | Total Hours of Delay |
1 | New York, NY | I-95 Westbound | Exit 6A (I-278) | Exit 2 (Trans-Manhattan Expressway) | PM | 86 |
2 | Chicago, IL | I-90/I-94 Northbound | Exit 53A (I-55) | Exit 34B (I-90/I-94) | AM | 85 |
3 | New York, NY | I-95 Eastbound | Exit 70A (I-80) | Exit 7A (I-695) | AM | 76 |
4 | Boston, MA | I-93 Northbound | Exit 5A/MA-24 | Exit 16/Southampton Street | AM | 72 |
5 | Los Angeles, CA | I-10 Eastbound | Exit 3A (I-405) | Exit 12 (I-110) | PM | 66 |
6 | Austin, TX | I-35 Southbound | Airport Boulevard | East Slaughter Lane | PM | 63 |
7 | New York, NY | 5th Avenue Southbound | 120th St | 40th St | PM | 61 |
8 | New York, NY | NJ-495 Eastbound | I-95 Junction | 12th Ave (Through Lincoln Tunnel) | AM | 60 |
9 | Philadelphia, PA | I-76 Southbound | Exit 332/West Conshohocken | Exit 343/Spring Garden Street | PM | 58 |
10 | Chicago, IL | I-90/I-94 Southbound | Exit 34B (I-90/I-94) | Exit 50B/West Ohio Drive | AM | 57 |
How the U.S. Cities Compare to Top Cities Worldwide
At the global city level, Los Angeles tops the list of the world’s most gridlocked cities, with drivers spending 104 peak hours in congestion in 2016, followed by Moscow (91 hours), New York (89 hours), San Francisco (83 hours) and Bogota (80 hours). In addition to Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco, Atlanta and Miami also ranked in the top 10 most congested cities in the world out of 1,064 cities analyzed.
Table 3: 10 Most Congested Cities in the World in 2016
Rank | Global City | Country | Continent | 2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion | Percentage of Total Drive Time in Congestion (peak and non-peak hours) |
1 | Los Angeles | U.S. | North America | 104 | 12.7% |
2 | Moscow | Russia | Europe | 91 | 25.2% |
3 | New York | U.S. | North America | 89 | 12.8% |
4 | San Francisco | U.S. | North America | 83 | 12.8% |
5 | Bogota | Colombia | South America | 80 | 31.8% |
6 | Sao Paulo | Brazil | South America | 77 | 20.8% |
7 | London | U.K. | Europe | 73 | 12.7% |
8 | Atlanta | U.S. | North America | 71 | 10.0% |
9 | Paris | France | Europe | 65 | 11.4% |
10 | Miami | U.S. | North America | 65 | 8.7% |
Of the 38 countries covered by the INRIX 2016 Traffic Scorecard, Thailand leads with the highest average hours spent in peak congestion (61 hours), outranking Columbia (47 hours) and Indonesia (47 hours) at second, and Russia (42 hours) and the U.S. (42 hours) at fourth.
Table 4: 15 Most Congested Countries in the World in 2016
Rank | Country | Continent (Europe Ranking) | 2016 Peak Hours Spent in Congestion |
1 | Thailand | Asia | 61 |
2 | Colombia | South America | 47 |
2 | Indonesia | Asia | 47 |
4 | Russia | Europe (1) | 42 |
4 | U.S. | North America | 42 |
6 | Venezuela | South America | 39 |
7 | South Africa | Africa | 38 |
8 | Brazil | South America | 37 |
8 | Puerto Rico | North America | 37 |
10 | Turkey | Europe (2) | 34 |
11 | U.K. | Europe (3) | 32 |
12 | Germany | Europe (4) | 30 |
12 | Slovakia | Europe (4) | 30 |
14 | Canada | North America | 28 |
14 | Luxembourg | Europe (6) | 28 |
Please visit www.inrix.com/scorecard for:
- Full 2016 Traffic Scorecard report including tables of all rankings for North America, United States and globally
- S. and global infographics
- Interactive webpage with data and information for all 1,064 cities and 38 countries
- Complete methodology
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Notes to Editors
Data Sources
INRIX analyzed 500 Terabytes of data from 300 million different sources covering over 5 million miles of road. The data used in the 2016 Global Scorecard is the congested or uncongested status of every segment of road for every minute of the day, as used by millions of drivers around the world that rely on INRIX-based traffic services.
Research Methodology
A new methodology was adopted for the 2016 Global Scorecard that calculates the percentage of time that drivers spent in congestion at different periods of the day/week and on different parts of a city’s road network. This provides a more holistic view of a city’s congestion problem. Cities were ranked by the peak hours that the average driver spent in congestion, the busiest part of the day when the most people are affected. Additional metrics are available online and in the full report.
1An economic analysis was performed to estimate the total cost to the average driver in a city, and a total cost to the city population. This considered both the direct costs (those borne by the driver directly through wasted time and fuel) and the indirect costs (those borne indirectly through the increased costs to businesses which are passed on to households through higher prices). Worst corridors are limited to those that have the highest traffic volume and are ranked by the average hours of delay per driver in 2016.
Direct & Indirect Costs of Congestion in the U.S.
Average Direct Cost Per Driver $1,210.84
Average Indirect Cost Per Driver $188.91
Average Total Cost $1,399.75
Number of Cars in the U.S. 210,778,000
Total Cost for the U.S. $295,037,137,168
The full report provides full details of the economic cost methodology.
About INRIX
INRIX is the global leader in connected car services and transportation analytics, a new approach that leverages big data and the cloud to help manage urban mobility. By aggregating a variety of sources and applying intelligence, INRIX delivers comprehensive data and solutions to help move people, cities and businesses forward. Our partners are automakers, governments, mobile operators, developers, advertisers, as well as enterprises large and small.
Interesting to note all top ten US cities already have some sort of mass/rapid transit system so is more public transit the answer or maybe not?
Heck yeah it is. It gives Atlanta workers like me the option to not have to sit in traffic to get to work.
I am not against mass transit but it has to be cost-effective. Good example is the proposed Emory MARTA link. Cost is close to a billion but is it worth it?
lolwat.
You can never build way out of it…depopulation would help, but what government official or chamber of commerce person is going to urge people to leave here because it is too crowded? Lets empty out, like Cleveland, Pittsburgh or St. Louis…..
In 1951, Atlanta opened its first stretch of expressway, a short distance from Williams Street to Brookwood, three lanes each way. By 1956, it was already reaching traffic projections for 1970.
In roughly the 1953-1967 period, 20, 75 and 85 were finished inside the city–incredibly, 75 and 85 were built with just 2 lanes each way in places—and not surprisingly they filled up.
285 was finished in 1969, 2 lanes each way around the city. By the late 1970s, it was filling up on the northside—so, between roughly 1980 and 1990, Georgia DOT had their “free the freeways” program which widened the interstates inside 285—like we see in the 14 lanes or so of the Downtown Connector in places or the 10-12 lanes of 75 and 85 leaving Brookwood. 285 was widened to 4 or 5 lanes in every direction. 400 was widened to 4 lanes each way north of 285 to Roswell. And even with 4 lanes each way, 400 is so crowded in the morning, you can now use the emergency lane at rush hour. And try the Downtown Connector at rush hour around Tech and Grady…
Total hours in congestion isn’t the best measure of congestion. It doesn’t consider trip length/uncongested travel time. Consider a 40 mile hour trip that runs an 100 minutes during peak period, vs a 5 mile 10 minute trip that runs 20 minutes during peak period.
The first commuter loses twice as much total time to congestion with a 33% increase in travel time, vs the second losing one-half the time but the commuting time doubles in the peak period.
US cities Dallas, LA, Miami, Atl in that order have the longest travel time commutes. (congestion hrs divided by percentage). Dallas is in a league by itself at 894 hrs commuting, LA 818, Miami 747, Atl 710. A case could be made that Dallas is a good commute, since congestion is such a small fraction of travel time.
INRIX is a navigation company helping us work around congestion and could throw out numbers of how much more costly it is to take a fixed route bus.
In public transportation we need to think beyond our current methods and those needs not being met due to peak and slack times, financial limits, government regulations and continually expanding sprawl. There is a limit to how many fixed rail lines, bus routes and multi-lane highways we can support that operate at an efficient capacity for but part of a day.
There has to be more choices, not eliminations, than adding onto running so many $500,000 plus buses around circles almost empty for most of the day. Or streetcars. Or building rail lines within a short walk for everyone. Or adding lanes and toll roads.
There is some serious revolutionary stuff going on in “mobility” of people, goods and delivery of service. We have to consider our visionaries and disrupters, Uber, Google, Amazon, Telsa, Apple and others. Time to ask people like Travis Kalanick or Jeff Bezos (stinkin’ leftie) because they can deliver what we believe is improbable.
The problem is they don’t serve what we have already bought, lobby and regulate.
PS dug this out on Transportation
https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelhelft/2016/12/14/how-travis-kalanick-is-building-the-ultimate-transportation-machine/#767ae55556ab